Beam House Process is restore the natural conditions of the skin and remove dirt, blood, soluble protien and curing agents before tanning process. To prepare the raw hides, they will be soaked with the limewater, will eliminate the hair with sulfites, scrape the membrane, slice the skin, wash with limewater, and then mature them. The wastewater happening from this process will be greatly alkaline and will be alloyed with skin or hair scrap which are the protein and fat substance as well as chemicals used in this process such as lime, soap, ammonium salt, alkaline sulfites, and disinfectant. Additionally, when the leather is divided, the top part can be called ‘upper leather’ or ‘grain leather’ using for tanned leather production, and the bottom can be called ‘lower leather’ or ‘split leather’
After cleaning the raw hides, they will be processed in tanning. For the tanning process, it is the change of raw hides which can disintegrate to be the finished leather which will be stable, contain the weather and hot water resistance, and will not disintegrate. Moreover, to maintain the leather not to disintegrate has to use some chemicals including tannins, chromium, and other chemicals which will react with protein (collagen) in the leather.
Leather tanning contains 2 methods.
- Chrome tanning using chromium is more popular since it uses a short time, and cheap chemicals; as a result, the tanned leather will better contain the heat and humidity resistance. However, acid pickling is an important process in both methods of tanning using the chemicals such as sodium chloride, sulfuric acid, and formic acid. To state the aims of acid pickling, it is for adjusting the pH to be suitable with the tanning reactions; in addition, during tanning process, it might add special chemicals (bleaching agent, or chromium fixing additives) in order to make the leather better catch the chromium and in order to reduce the quantity of chromium in wastewater.
- Vegetable tanning using tannins or synthetic substance. chrome tanning Moreover, chrome tanning is more popular since it uses a short time, and cheap chemicals; as a result, the tanned leather will better contain the heat and humidity resistance. However, acid pickling is an important process in both methods of tanning using the chemicals such as sodium chloride, sulfuric acid, and formic acid. To state the aims of acid pickling, it is for adjusting the pH to be suitable with the tanning reactions; in addition, during tanning process, it might add special chemicals (bleaching agent, or chromium fixing additives) in order to make the leather better catch the chromium and in order to reduce the quantity of chromium in wastewater
Finishing and Dyeing Process
The repetitive tanning usually does with the leather from chrome process which makes for improving the leather quality to be suitable with the needs of the market; according to this case, the chemicals used might be chromium, tannins, or xanthan (which is a synthetic substance). However, tinting will be done following the needs of the market which means it is either not tinted as well. In addition, the procedure of tinting is different according to the type of colour used for tinting; as normal, the formic acid will be used for adjusting the conditions before tinting with colour. Additionally, tacking to make the colour attaching with the leather must use high temperature which usually uses vapour to make the tinted leather be hotter. The leather, which will be used, must contain the smooth and the stability; thereby, if most create the oil for the tanned leather. To create the oil, it might be created together with the repetitive tanning or tinting; moreover, it can be separately painted as well. After that, the leather, which was through this process, will be sprayed the colour or printed in order to meet the further needs of the market.
After cleaning hide to be sized as wanted, it will be processed in tanning. For the dying process, it is the change of hide which can disintegrate to be the finished leather which will be stable, contain the weather and hot water resistance, and will not disintegrate. Moreover, to maintain the leather not to disintegrate has to use some chemicals including tannins, chromium, and other chemicals which will react with collagen (protein) in the leather.